3D打印速度对铸造蜡成型翘曲变形的影响

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.230360

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过快速模具制造可打印熔模铸造用的蜡模，缩短生产周期，提高生产效率。但在实际成型过程中，由于制件不同位置的温度分布不均，会造成内应力差异，导致制件翘曲变形，进而对制件的成型质量产生较大的影响；而且，受3D打印速度和沉积层数等成型参数的制约，较难在降低制件翘曲变形程度的同时提高成型效率。有鉴于此，文中通过建立成型制件翘曲变形的数学模型，并结合实验设计与数学计算等方法，探究打印速度对铸造蜡直写成型翘曲变形程度与打印效率的影响机制。实验结果显示：在一定打印速度下，试样翘曲值随沉积层数的增加而减小，且随着打印速度的不断增加翘曲值逐渐变大；成型打印速度越高，不同试样的打印耗时越接近于某一稳定值，表明打印速度对成型效率的影响随打印速度的增加而降低。文中还通过对成型翘曲变形和打印效率分别赋予权重系数，建立了表面轮廓最佳打印速度连续函数模型，并验证了模型的有效性。研究结果表明，基于铸造蜡成型翘曲变形建立的最佳打印速度连续函数模型可在降低翘曲变形的同时提高打印效率。

关键词: 熔模铸造, 翘曲变形, 3D打印速度, 权重系数, 函数模型

Abstract:

Rapid mold manufacturing can be used to print wax molds for investment casting, shorten the production cycle and improve the production efficiency. However, in the actual forming process, due to the uneven temperature distribution in different positions of the workpiece, the internal stress will be different, which may result in warping deformation, and then have a significant impact on the forming quality of the workpiece. Moreover, due to the constraints of forming parameters such as 3D printing speed and deposition layers’ number, it is difficult to reduce the degree of warping deformation of the workpiece and improve the forming efficiency simultaneously. To solve this problem, this paper establishes a mathematical model for the warping deformation of formed parts, and combines experimental design and mathematical calculation methods to explore the influence mechanism of printing speed on the degree of warping deformation and printing efficiency of casting wax direct writing. Experimental results show that, at a certain printing speed, the warpage value decreases with the increase of the number of deposition layers, while gradually increases with the continuous increase of printing speed; and that the higher the printing speed, the closer the printing time of different samples is to a certain stable value, which means that the impact of printing speed on the forming efficiency decreases with the increase of printing speed. In addition, by assigning weight coefficients respectively to the forming warping deformation and the printing efficiency, a continuous function model for the optimal printing speed of surface contours is established, and the effectiveness of the model is verified. The results show that the continuous function model of optimal printing speed based on the warping deformation of casting wax can simultaneously reduce the warping deformation and improve the printing efficiency.

Key words: investment casting, warping deformation, 3D printing speed, weight coefficient, function model

中图分类号:

TG249.5

莫海军, 梁道明, 林晨彬, 刘翔. 3D打印速度对铸造蜡成型翘曲变形的影响[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 52(6): 81-88.

MO Haijun, LIANG Daoming, LIN Chenbin, LIU Xiang. Effect of 3D Printing Speed on Warpage Deformation of Casting Wax Forming[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52(6): 81-88.

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n	不同打印速度下的χ/%						不同打印速度下的ψ/%
n	10 mm/s	15 mm/s	20 mm/s	25 mm/s	30 mm/s	35 mm/s	10 mm/s	15 mm/s	20 mm/s	25 mm/s	30 mm/s	35 mm/s
10	0.00	25.86	48.28	67.24	87.93	100.00	100.00	43.77	18.18	6.73	1.68	0.00
20	0.00	29.29	53.66	87.80	92.68	100.00	100.00	71.00	42.92	24.71	9.74	0.00
30	0.00	30.30	54.55	100.00	96.97	90.91	100.00	49.89	33.33	19.89	10.11	0.00
40	0.00	26.19	30.95	100.00	73.81	54.25	100.00	54.87	28.29	16.32	9.15	0.00
50	0.00	33.33	29.63	100.00	59.26	85.19	100.00	53.64	26.02	9.05	3.20	0.00

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