关键词: 交通规划, 换电站规划, 用户均衡模型, 电动汽车, 电池交换 

Abstract: In order to realize rapid recharge for electric vehicles(EV), the locations and batteries holdings of recharging stations for electric vehicles on city road network are studied with battery swapping charging mode. Therefore, the path choice of electric vehicles traveling to recharging stations is firstly considered, the optimal model for recharging stations to minimize total social cost was established, which solves optimal locations of the recharging station and EV's demand to swapping batteries; and then the delay cost of user to swap battery was obtained based on live-death model of EVs and fully-charged batteries at recharging station, thereby establishing a battery holding's optimization model to minimize the total social cost at battery swapping station. The research shows that the optimization model of battery-swapping station can achieve the link flow of road network, the demand of battery swapping at stations, optimal totals and locations and construction sequences of stations’. The penetration of EVs has a more complicated impact on the number and locations of swapping stations and the traffic network equilibrium. The increase of swapping stations amount can reduce the travel cost, but the marginal effect is diminishing. As the penetration of electric vehicles increases, the total number of swapping batteries in the road network will increase correspondingly, but not every exchange station will increase the amount of swapping batteries. Increasing the swapping battery holding at swapping station will increase the probability of fully-charged batteries, but the marginal effect is also diminishing. The advancement of charging technology will increase the probability of fully-charged batteries. The research results can provide decision-making basis for the planning and operation of urban swapping stations.