Aiming at the clinical pain points of diabetic chronic wounds (difficult infection control, persistent inflammation, slow healing), this study used biocompatible polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) as substrates, optimized carbon nano-onions (CNO) via amination modification, and prepared PVP/PVB/NH₂-CNO composite fibrous membranes by electrospinning. The material’s physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and multifunctional repair capabilities were characterized and evaluated. Results showed amino groups were successfully introduced into CNO; NH₂-CNO had a quasi-spherical structure, hierarchical pores, 60.8% photothermal conversion efficiency, and good cycling stability. The fibrous membrane had a uniform structure, controllable hydrophobicity, cell viability >80%, hemolysis rate <5% (meeting medical biosafety standards). Under 808 nm near-infrared laser, it enhanced bactericidal rate against Escherichia coli and MRSA via "electrostatic force + photothermal effect", inhibited MRSA biofilm formation, scavenged DPPH free radicals and intracellular ROS, regulated inflammatory factor and repair-related gene expression. This membrane achieves multi-functional synergy, providing a new strategy for diabetic chronic wound dressings.