以GCr15 轴承钢球为主体，研究表面形变与钢球内部显微组织及性能的关系．利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和能谱仪对经表面形变强化后的GCr15 轴承钢球内部的显微组织和成分进行观察和分析; 利用X 射线衍射技术测试钢球亚表层的残余应力分布和残余奥氏体含量; 利用显微维氏硬度计测试其硬度分布．结果表明: 基体显微组织为回火隐晶马氏体、M3C 型球状碳化物和少量残余奥氏体的混合体; 残余奥氏体体积分数为9. 75%，在基体中以薄膜状和块状两种形态存在; 钢球表面强化后，产生了残余应力层，其分布深度大约为0. 3mm，残余应力峰值及硬度峰值均出现在亚表层中，其深度约为表面以下0.1mm．

In order to reveal the relationship between the surface deformation and the microstructure as well as the properties of GCr15 bearing steel balls,the microstructure and the composition of the balls were observed and analyzed by means of optical microscopy ( OM) ,TEM and EDS. Then,the residual stress distribution in the subsurface and the content of the residual austenite were tested via a XRD process,and the hardness of the balls was tested
by using a micro Vickers hardness tester. The results show that ( 1) the matrix microstructure is composed of tempered cryptocrystalline martensites,granular M3C-type carbides and a small amount of retained austenite; ( 2) the retained austenite,whose volume fraction is 9. 75%,exists in the matrix in the film-like and the blocky forms; ( 3) a residual stress layer appears after a surface deformation-hardening treatment,which is about 0. 3 mm away from the surface; and ( 4) both the maximum residual stress and hardness appear in the subsurface being about 0. 1mm away from the surface of GCr15 steel balls.