能耗最小化和能耗平衡是无线传感器网络路由算法的两个主要问题。本文从无线传感器网络蚁群路由算法出发，分析了启发式因子各种构建方式对能耗最小化和能耗平衡的影响，提出了无线传感器网络的路由代价模型，并以此构建启发式因子。对比各种方式的仿真结果可以看出，使用路由代价构建启发式因子更为合理，该构建方式在网络寿命和平衡性都优于其他构建方式。路由代价分析对无线传感器网络的其他路由算法同样具有指导意义。

The minimization and balance of energy consumption are two major problems existing in the routing algorithm of wireless sensor networks（WSNs）.In this paper,first,based on the ant colony routing algorithm of WSNs,the influences of construction modes of the heuristic factor on the energy consumption minimization and ba-lance are analyzed,and a routing cost model of WSNs is proposed,which is then used to form a heuristic factor.Finally,some simulations are performed for various construction modes.The results indicate that,as compared with the existing methods,the proposed algorithm is more effective in terms of network lifetime and energy consumption balance,and that the heuristic factor constructed based on routing cost is more reasonable.