基于普通强度钢材的弹塑性滞回耗能特性，设计了3 种由Q235B 钢材加工而成的小型钢耗能器．为了研究其滞回耗能性能，提出合理的构造形式，分别对3 种小型钢耗能器进行了低周往复加载试验，并对其等效刚度、耗能能力、阻尼特性等进行分析．结果表明: 弯曲型钢耗能器塑性变形较大，滞回性能稳定，但初始刚度较小，承载能力低; 剪切型钢耗能器具有较高的初始刚度及屈服力，但由于局部应力集中容易引起平面外屈曲，变形能力较差; 弯剪型钢耗能器既能提高耗能器的侧向刚度，又可避免面外失稳，兼具弯曲型和剪切型钢耗能器的优点，具有良好的工作性能．

In this paper,first,three small dampers made with Q235B steel were designed according to the hysteretic energy dissipation characteristics of normal-strength steel. Then,to investigate the hysteretic energy dissipation ability and obtain a reasonable form of the dampers,low-cyclic loading tests were carried out,and the equivalent stiffness,the energy dissipation capacity and the damping characteristics of the dampers were analyzed. The results
demonstrate that ( 1) the bending-type damper is of large plastic deformation,stable hysteretic performance,low initial stiffness and poor bearing capacity; ( 2) the shearing-type damper is of high initial stiffness and great yield force,but the deformation ability of it is poor due to the out-plane buckling induced by the local stress concentration; and ( 3) the bending-shearing-type damper,which possesses the advantages of both the bending- and the shearing-type dampers,can not only improve the lateral stiffness but also avoid the out-plane instability,so that it is of high working performance.