将Shapley 值分配方法与帕累托最优理论引入到水电电价模型的研究中．通过Shapley 值确定水电电价在不同时段的惩罚因子与奖励因子，在帕累托最优的框架下建立能够提供有效的经济信号的有差别水电电价模型，目标为小水电方经济效益减少量与电网线损减少量比值的最小化，在保证对电网运营方与水电方经济效益弱影响的同时，实现电网的低线损运行．算例表明，该模型能够实现电网运行效益与小水电经济效益的双赢．

In this paper,both the allocation method based on the Shapley value and Pareto optimality theory are introduced. By means of the former,the penalty factor and the reward factor of hydropower pricing at different times are determined. And based on the latter,a novel differentiated hydropower pricing model is established to offer effective economic signals,for the purpose of minimizing the reduction ratio of economic benefits for small hydropower
plants to that in the line loss of power network,which can result in a low line loss and simultaneously ensure a weak effect of the pricing on the economic benefits for small hydropower plants and the power network. Case analyses show that the proposed model can bring about a win-win situation for small hydropower plants and the power network.