为实现赤泥大宗资源化利用与公路工程环境低影响建造，采用赤泥、高炉矿渣、普通硅酸盐水泥制备了赤泥基胶凝材料，研究了原料配比对赤泥基胶凝材料凝结时间、流变特性、抗压强度和体积稳定性的影响规律，揭示了其水化历程、反应产物类型及微观形貌特征，并探讨了赤泥基胶凝材料稳定碎石基层力学性能与环保性能。结果表明：随着赤泥掺量增加，胶凝材料凝结时间先缩短后延长，28 d抗压强度逐渐降低，干缩率逐渐减小，当赤泥掺量为45%时，初凝时间为226 min，28 d抗压强度为32.6 MPa，28 d干缩率为0.128%，可满足道路基层施工要求。流变性能测试表明，赤泥掺量的增加可提升浆体的结构稳定性，具体表现为屈服应力增大、塑性黏度降低。微观分析表明，赤泥中碱性物质(NaOH、Na₂CO₃)可促进水泥水化与高炉矿渣的火山灰反应，并生成类沸石、C-S-H凝胶、硅方解石等反应产物，水化产物通过相互交叉，形成晶胶包裹结构，增加了体系的致密性。稳定碎石基层试验表明，当赤泥基胶凝材料掺量为5%-7%时，7 d无侧限抗压强度为5.8-7.2 MPa，可满足高速公路极重、特重交通强度要求；浸出试验表明Na⁺、总Cr浸出量均低于《地下水质量标准》Ⅲ类限值，环境风险可控。

In order to realize the large-scale resource utilization of red mud and low-impact construction of highway engineering environment, red mud-based cementitious materials were prepared by red mud, blast furnace slag and ordinary Portland cement. The effects of raw material ratio on the setting time, rheological properties, compressive strength and volume stability of red mud-based cementitious materials were studied. The hydration process, reaction product type and micro-morphology characteristics were revealed, and the mechanical properties and environmental protection properties of red mud-based cementitious materials stabilized macadam base were discussed. The results showed that with the increase of red mud content, the setting time of cementitious materials was shortened first and then prolonged, the 28 d compressive strength was gradually reduced, and the dry shrinkage rate gradually decreased. When the red mud content was 45%, the initial setting time was 226 min, the 28 d compressive strength was 32.6 MPa, and the 28 d shrinkage rate was 0.128%, which can meet the requirements of road base construction. Rheological performance tests showed that the increase of red mud content can improve the structural stability of the slurry, which was manifested by the increase of yield stress and the decrease of plastic viscosity. The microscopic analysis showed that the alkaline substances (NaOH, Na₂CO₃) in red mud can promote the reaction between cement hydration and the pozzolanic reaction of blast furnace slag, and generate zeolite-like, C-S-H gel, silica calcite and other reaction products. The hydration products cross each other to form a crystal gel wrapped structure, which increases the compactness of the system. The test of stabilized gravel base showed that when the content of red mud-based cementitious material was 5%-7%, the 7 d unconfined compressive strength was 5.8-7.2 MPa, which can meet the requirements of extremely heavy and extra heavy traffic intensity on highways. The leaching test showed that the leaching amount of Na⁺ and total Cr was lower than the class III limit of 'Groundwater Quality Standard', and the environmental risk was controllable.