提高等离子点火装置的煤种适应性对于助力电厂节能减排，实现双碳目标具有重要意义。针对目前分级式等离子燃烧器在电厂运行过程中燃烧低挥发分贫煤所出现的燃烧不稳定、熄火等问题，采用数值模拟的研究方法，首先建立了分级式等离子燃烧器的三维网格模型，采用了Realizable k-ε湍流模型、P1辐射模型、以及包含Two-competing-rates的挥发分析出模型和kinetics/diffusion-limited控制焦炭燃烧的煤粉燃烧模型；接着通过网格无关性验证，对比了低、中、高网格数量的网格模型的温度参数差异，确保所采用网格模型的可靠性；然后采用控制变量法依次研究了等离子功率、一次风速及煤粉浓度这3个重要运行参数对分级式等离子燃烧器中贫煤燃烧过程的影响；最后对等离子燃烧器的运行参数进行优化以解决贫煤的点火燃烧问题。结果表明：等离子功率大小是影响贫煤点火的关键因素，为实现等离子燃烧器中贫煤稳定点火燃烧，等离子功率应不低于150 kW；一次风速会影响贫煤点火过程初期的燃烧温度，存在一个最佳范围，应保持一次风速在22~25 m/s；煤粉浓度大小是影响贫煤点火成功的重要因素，维持在较高的煤粉浓度才能保证贫煤稳定点火燃烧，煤粉浓度应不低于0.3 kg/kg。该研究为电厂优化现有等离子燃烧器运行策略、安全经济地燃用贫煤、降低燃料成本与碳排放提供了直接且重要的理论指导和实践依据，对推动燃煤电厂燃料灵活性与绿色低碳转型具有积极意义。

Improving coal adaptability of plasma ignition systems is of significant importance for assisting power plants in energy conservation, emission reduction, and achieving the dual-carbon goals. To address issues such as unstable combustion and flameout encountered during the operation of existing staged plasma burners when igniting lean coal with low volatile content, this study employs a numerical simulation approach. First, a three-dimensional mesh model of the staged plasma burner is established, incorporating the Realizable k-ε turbulence model, the P1 radiation model, and a pulverized coal combustion model with Two-competing-rates model for volatile matter release and kinetics/diffusion-limited model for char combustion. Subsequently, mesh independence verification is conducted by comparing temperature parameter differences among models with low, medium, and high mesh densities to ensure the reliability of the selected mesh. Following this, the control variable method is applied to sequentially investigate the effects of three critical operational parameters—plasma power, primary air velocity, and pulverized coal concentration—on lean coal combustion process within the staged plasma burner. Finally, the operational parameters of the plasma burner are optimized to resolve ignition and combustion issues associated with lean coal. The results demonstrate that plasma power is the key factor affecting lean coal ignition. To achieve stable ignition and combustion of lean coal in the plasma burners, the plasma power should not be less than 150 kW. Primary air velocity affects the combustion temperature during the initial ignition stage, with an optimal range identified between 22 to 25 m/s. Pulverized coal concentration is a crucial factor for successful lean coal ignition; maintaining a relatively high concentration is necessary to ensure stable ignition and combustion, with a recommended concentration not lower than 0.3 kg/kg. This research provides direct and important theoretical guidance and a practical basis for power plants to optimize the operational strategies of existing plasma burners, safely and economically utilize lean coal, reduce fuel costs, and lower carbon emissions. It holds positive implications for promoting fuel flexibility and facilitating the green, low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power plants.