本研究针对钢骨超高强混凝土（SRUHSC）柱与框架结构，开展了往复循环荷载作用下的抗震性能对比试验，重点探究轴压比对两者抗震性能的影响机制，并揭示单柱与整体框架在抗震行为上的本质差异。实验设计了三组不同轴压比下SRUHSC柱与框架的对比试验，系统分析了其破坏模式、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化规律、能量耗散能力、延性系数等关键指标。试验结果显示，随着轴压比增大，单独SRUHSC柱主要呈现弯曲破坏特征，表现为构件端部混凝土压溃、纵向钢筋屈服；而 SRUHSC 框架则以弯剪-粘结破坏为主，伴随节点区钢筋与混凝土粘结滑移加剧、梁端塑性铰发展受限。对比分析发现，相较于单独柱，框架结构在整体抗震性能呈现更明显的优势。此外，轴压比的增加对两类结构的受力性能产生显著影响：不仅加速了裂缝的扩展速率和分布范围，导致初始刚度提升但后期刚度退化加快，还显著降低了结构的延性和能量耗散系数，对极限承载力也有不利影响。本研究明确了轴压比在SRUHSC柱与框架抗震性能中的差异化，证实了单独柱进入框架整体结构中抗震性能下降，为SRUHSC结构的抗震设计优化及性能提升提供了重要的试验数据与理论依据。

This study conducted a comparative test on the seismic performance of steel-reinforced ultra-high strength concrete (SRUHSC) columns and frame structures under reciprocating cyclic loads, focusing on exploring the influence mechanism of axial compression ratio on the seismic performance of the two and revealing the essential differences in seismic behavior between single columns and integral frames. Three sets of comparative tests between SRUHSC columns and frames under different axial pressure ratios were designed in the experiment. The key indicators such as failure mode, hysteresis curve, skeleton curve, stiffness degradation law, energy dissipation capacity and ductility coefficient were systematically analyzed. The test results show that as the axial compression ratio increases, the SRUHSC column alone mainly presents bending failure characteristics, manifested as the crushing of concrete at the end of the component and the yield of longitudinal reinforcing bars. However, the SRUHSC frame is mainly characterized by bending-shear-bond failure, accompanied by intensified bond sliding between the reinforcing bars and concrete in the node areas and restricted development of plastic hinges at the beam ends. A comparative analysis reveals that, compared with individual columns, frame structures exhibit more pronounced advantages in overall seismic behavior. In addition, the increase in the axial compression ratio has a significant impact on the mechanical performance of the two types of structures: it not only accelerates the propagation rate and distribution range of cracks, resulting in an increase in initial stiffness but also a faster degradation of stiffness in the later stage, but also significantly reduces the ductility and energy dissipation coefficient of the structure, and has an adverse effect on the ultimate bearing capacity. This study clarified the differentiation of axial compression ratio in the seismic performance of SRUHSC columns and frames, and confirmed that the seismic performance of individual columns decreases when they enter the overall frame structure. It provides important experimental data and theoretical basis for the seismic design optimization and performance improvement of SRUHSC structures.