盾构施工中产生的废弃粉质黏土泥浆具有含水率高、强度低、颗粒粒径较小及难以快速固结的特点，脱水处置难度大；如何对其进行有效的脱水固化处理，是减少其在运输或存储过程中污染环境的关键。基于自行研制的废弃泥浆真空脱水装置，开展自重、自重+真空、自重稳定+真空、自重稳定+分级真空等4种不同形式下的室内脱水模型试验研究，分析废弃粉质黏土泥浆在不同的加载方式下泥—水界面沉降、孔隙水压力、脱水量以及脱水后残余泥浆含水率的变化规律，并对不同加载方式下对废弃粉质黏土泥浆的脱水效果进行对比。试验结果表明：4种脱水方式中，先对废弃粉质黏土泥浆进行自重脱水处理、再对其底部分级施加真空作用的加载方式对废弃粉质黏土泥浆的脱水效果最好，可有效降低废弃粉质黏土泥浆的含水率；采用该方法对初始含水率为97.50%的废弃粉质黏土泥浆进行脱水处理后，其含水率分布范围介于28.21%~34.25%，其内部孔隙水压力最小可达-72.92 kPa。同时，基于分段线性化的思想建立了废弃泥浆一维脱水理论分析模型，对废弃粉质黏土泥浆在脱水过程中的泥—水界面沉降进行数值模拟，并将数值模拟与试验结果进行了对比分析；随后通过对不同加载方式下脱水效率进行模拟分析探究了最佳加载方式。该研究可为盾构废弃粉质黏土泥浆快速脱水处理提供理论基础和实践依据。

The waste silty clay slurry produced during shield construction has the characteristics of high water content, low strength and small particle size and it has difficulties in rapid consolidation. How to effectively dehydrate and cure is the key to reduce environmental pollution in the process of transportation or storage. Based on the self-developed waste slurry vacuum dehydration device, this study carried out indoor dehydration model tests under four different forms of dead weight, dead weight and vacuum, dead weight stabilization and vacuum, dead weight stabilization and graded vacuum. It analyzed the distribution laws of sediment-water interface settlement, pore water pressure, dehydration volume and residual slurry moisture content after dehydration of waste silty clay slurry under different loading modes. Finally, the dewatering effect of the waste silty clay slurry was compared under different loading modes. The test results show that among the four dewatering methods, the loading method of first dewatering the waste silty clay slurry by self weight, and then applying vacuum to the bottom part of the waste silty clay slurry has the best dewatering effect on the waste silty clay slurry, which can effectively reduce the water content of the waste silty clay slurry. After dewatering the waste silty clay slurry with initial water content of 97.50%, the water content distribution range is 28.21%~34.25%, and the minimum pore water pressure can reach -72.92 kPa. Meanwhile, based on the idea of segmented linearization, a one-dimensional dehydration theoretical analysis model for waste slurry was established. This model numerically simulates the sedimentation of the sediment-water interface during the dehydration process of waste silty clay slurry, and compares the results of numerical simulation with the test results. Then the optimal loading method was explored by simulation analysis of dehydration efficiency under different loading modes. This study can provide a theoretical and practical basis for the rapid dehydration treatment of shield waste silty clay slurry.