采装作业是露天煤矿开采过程的中心环节，其能耗占露天煤矿总开采能耗的大半，决定了开采效率与设备能耗。传统露天煤矿采装作业由人工操作矿用电铲完成，存在挖掘满斗率低、能耗高等问题。为进一步降低能耗，该文着眼于矿用电铲的无人化和智能化发展趋势，对矿用电铲的最优挖掘轨迹进行研究。首先，对矿用电铲工作装置进行了运动学分析，通过运动学正反解揭示装置位姿空间和关节空间的关系。其次，对矿用电铲工作装置进行了动力学分析，基于挖掘过程中装置的静力学分析以及对动态挖掘阻力、物料重力的分析，构建了工作装置的拉格朗日动力学方程。然后，基于粒子群优化算法，结合轨迹规划的优化设计模型，得到单位体积物料挖掘能耗最优的矿用电铲挖掘轨迹，分析了物料堆面特性、运行参数、拟合函数对电铲工作装置能耗以及运行稳定性的影响，并提出了兼顾节能与稳定的挖掘轨迹规划策略。最后，开展了矿用电铲最优挖掘轨迹规划的实验研究。结果表明，所提出的单位体积物料挖掘能耗最优的轨迹规划方法能够兼顾矿用电铲挖掘的高效性和节能性。

The mining and loading operations are the central link in the open-pit coal mining process, and its energy consumption accounts more than half of the total energy consumption of open-pit coal mining and loading, which determines the mining efficiency and equipment energy consumption. Traditional open-pit coal mining and loading operations are completed by manually operating mining electric shovels, and the process is of low excavation full-bucket rate and high energy consumption. To further reduce the energy consumption and meet the requirements of unmanned and intelligent electric shovels, this paper deals with the optimal excavation trajectory of mining electric shovels. In the research, firstly, a kinematic analysis was conducted on the working device, and the relationship between the pose space and joint space of the working device was revealed through kinematic forward and inverse solutions. Secondly, a dynamic analysis was conducted on the working device of the mining electric shovel. Based on the static analysis of the working device during the excavation process, as well as the analysis of dynamic excavation resistance and material gravity, the Lagrange dynamic equation of the working device was constructed. Then, based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the optimization design model of trajectory planning, the optimal excavation trajectory for excavation energy consumption per unit material volume was obtained. Moreover, the effects of material pile surface characteristics, operating parameters and fitting functions on the energy consumption and operation stability of the working device were analyzed, and an excavation trajectory planning strategy that balances energy conservation and stability was proposed. Finally, an experimental study was conducted on the optimal excavation trajectory planning. The results show that the proposed excavation trajectory planning method based on the optimal energy consumption per unit material volume can ensure the efficiency and energy-saving requirement during the excavation with mining electric shovel.