配备具有排气能量回收功能的涡电复合空压机是大功率燃料电池空气管理系统的发展趋势，但涡电复合空压机在非设计工况下存在压比低、能量回收率低、设计需求工况无法满足等问题。以某款大功率燃料电池系统为研究对象，根据电堆进排气参数完成了涡轮膨胀机和空压机的3维气动设计，建立了包含燃料电池电堆与涡电复合空压机的电化学—流动传热耦合模型，搭建了涡电复合空压机实验台架，测试空压机与涡轮性能曲线，通过电堆、空压机与涡轮试验数据验证了该模型的准确性。基于该模型进一步研究涡轮流量特性、阀门调节方法对全工况系统排气能量回收率、电机功耗和阀门理论功率消耗的影响规律，分析了有无涡轮配置对燃料电池系统净输出功率的影响。结果表明，在中小负载工况下，涡轮流量系数每降低0.1，排气能量回收率提高5.26个百分点，但过小的流量系数导致设计点工况下电堆压力过高，需增加旁通阀泄压，导致系统过于复杂、排气能量损失大，选择涡轮流量系数为1时可获得较优的全工况能量回收率。此外，阀门前置方案优于后置方案，在非设计工况下阀门前置可使能量回收率提高6.25%。结合涡轮流量系数为1和阀门前置的方案，在设计流量点和50%设计流量点下，涡电复合空压机排气能量回收率分别为33.07%和27.31%。

The turbo-electric drive compressor with exhaust energy recovery function is the development trend of high-power fuel cell air management system. However, the turbo-electric drive compressor has problems such as low pressure ratio and low energy recovery rate under off-design conditions. In this paper, a high-power fuel cell system was taken as the research object. According to the intake and exhaust parameters of the stack, the three-dimensional aerodynamic design of the turbine expander and the compressor was completed. An electrochemical-flow heat transfer one-dimensional coupling model including the fuel cell stack and the turbo-electric drive compressor was established. The accuracy of the model was verified by the stack test data. Based on this model, the influence of turbine flow characteristics and valve adjustment methods on the exhaust energy recovery rate under full operating conditions was further studied. The results show that under the condition of small and medium load, the exhaust energy recovery rate increases by 5.26 percentage points for every 0.1 reduction of turbine flow coefficient. However, small flow coefficient will cause high stack pressure at the design point, so it is necessary to increase the pressure relief of bypass valve, which leads to the high complexity of the system and big exhaust energy loss. When the turbine flow coefficient is 1, a better energy recovery rate can be obtained under all working conditions. In addition, the valve preposition scheme is better than the postposition scheme, and the valve preposition can increase the energy recovery rate by 6.25% under off-design conditions. Combined with the scheme of turbine flow coefficient of 1 and valve preposition, the exhaust energy recovery rate of the turbo-electric drive compressor is 33.07% and 27.31% respectively at the design flow point and 50% design flow point.