收稿日期: 2023-10-25
网络出版日期: 2023-12-28
基金资助
国家自然科学基金资助项目(22178122)
Process Research on Supercritical CO2 Fluid Extraction of Natural Nicotine from Tobacco
Received date: 2023-10-25
Online published: 2023-12-28
Supported by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178122)
从烟草中提取烟碱可实现废弃烟草的资源化利用，为此采用单因素实验考察了超临界CO2萃取烟草中烟碱的工艺条件（萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量、原料粒径）对烟碱提取率和烟草浸膏萃取率的影响；此外，还以烟碱提取率为指标，萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量为考察因素，设计正交试验对萃取工艺进行优化，并采用气相色谱-质谱法分析了所得烟草浸膏的成分。结果表明，萃取温度对烟碱提取率的影响最大，萃取时间和萃取压力的影响较大，CO2流量的影响最小。最佳萃取工艺条件：萃取温度为65 ℃，萃取压力为22 MPa，CO2流量为25 L/h（以150.0 g烟草原料为基准），萃取时间为80 min，原料粒径为0.60 mm。在最佳工艺条件下，烟碱提取率为97.89%，烟草浸膏萃取率为5.57%，烟草浸膏的挥发物中共检测出14种成分，且浸膏主要成分为烟碱（相对含量为52.22%）、新植二烯（相对含量为10.29%）、维生素E（相对含量为6.67%），此外还含有植物甾醇、亚油酸、枫香脂等。因其烟碱相对含量较高，该浸膏可作为后期烟碱纯化的良好原料。
张会平 , 唐倩如 , 鄢瑛 . 超临界CO2萃取烟草中天然烟碱的工艺研究[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2024 , 52(7) : 81 -87 . DOI: 10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.230661
Extracting nicotine from tobacco can achieve the resource utilization of waste tobacco. Therefore, this article conducted a single-factor experiment to investigate the effects of process conditions (extraction time, extraction pressure, extraction temperature, CO2 flow rate, particle size of raw materials) on the yields of nicotine and tobacco extract. In addition, using nicotine extraction rate as the indicator, extraction time, extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and CO2 flow rate as factors, an orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the extraction process. The composition of the obtained tobacco extract was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that extraction temperature has the greatest impact on nicotine extraction rate, extraction time and pressure have a relatively large impact, and CO2 flow rate has the least impact. The optimal extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature is 65 ℃, extraction pressure is 22 MPa, CO2 flow rate is 25 L/h (based on 150.0 g of tobacco raw material), extraction time is 80 minutes, and particle size is 0.60 mm. Under the optimal conditions, the nicotine extraction rate was 97.89%, and the tobacco extract yield was 5.57%. Fourteen components were detected in the volatiles of the tobacco extract, and the main components were nicotine (52.22%), neophytadiene (10.29%), and vitamin E (6.67%). Additionally, the extract also contained phytosterols, linoleic acid, and liquidambar resin, etc. Due to high nicotine content, the extract can be used as a good raw material for nicotine purification in later stages.
Key words： nicotine; supercritical fluid; extraction; orthogonal experiment
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