诺如病毒（NoV）是常见的食源性病毒之一，只要极少数量的NoV就可以导致机体感染发病，但目前还没有特效的治疗药物和疫苗，因此建立快速检测方法对食品中的NoV进行早期筛查至关重要。本研究首先通过装甲RNA技术将GB 4789.42规定的GI和GII NoV的靶标基因包裹到MS2噬菌体的衣壳蛋白中，制成内含GI和GII NoV两联检测靶标的重组质粒参考样品，其次基于酶促等温扩增（ERA）技术，分别设计了GI和GII NoV基础型ERA和荧光型ERA检测的引物和探针，并通过试验筛选确定了最佳的引物探针组合。从而建立了GI和GII NoV检测ERA显色法和荧光法两种可视化方法，通过肉眼可直接观测结果。进一步对反应程序进行了优化，将ERA显色法和荧光法的扩增时间分别缩短至5 min和8 min。并通过对反应体系的优化，将体系减半，从而降低了检测成本。在此情况下，对核酸参考样品检测的最低灵敏度分别可达10^-2、10^-3 ng/μL。最后将本研究建立的可视化快速检测方法应用于真实的GI和GII NoV粪便样本检测，并对方法的性能参数进行分析，结果显示：建立的GI和GII NoV ERA可视化快速检测方法特异性良好，对其他食源性病毒无交叉扩增，最低可检出10拷贝/μL的NoV，可以满足GI和GII NoV可视化快速筛查的需求。本研究方法的建立为NoV的快速筛查和风险监测提供了良好的技术支撑，对于控制NoV爆发、保障人民健康具有重要意义。

Norovirus (NoV) is one of the common foodborne viruses, and even a small amount of NoV can lead to infection and illness. However, there are currently no specific therapeutic drugs and vaccines available, making it crucial to establish a rapid detection method for early screening of NoV in food products. This study first wrapped the target genes of GⅠ and GⅡ NoV specified in GB 4 789.42 into the capsid protein of bacteriophage MS2 with armored RNA technology, creating recombinant plasmid reference samples containing both GⅠ and GⅡ NoV targets. Next, based on the Enzymatic Recombinase Amplification (ERA) technology, the primers and probes of basic and fluorescence ERA detection were designed for both GⅠ and GⅡ NoV, and the optimal primers and probes were screened through experiments. Then two visualization methods for GI and GII NoV detection were established, namely ERA chromogenic and fluorescence method, and the results can be observed with the naked eye. Furthermore, the reaction program was optimized, reducing the amplification time to 5 minutes and 8 minutes for both ERA chromogenic and fluorescence methods, respectively. By optimizing the reaction system, the volume was halved, thereby reducing the cost of detection. Under these conditions, the lowest sensitivity was 10^-2、10^-3 ng/μL for the recombinant plasmid reference sample, respectively. Finally, the established visual rapid detection method was applied to the detection of GⅠ and GⅡ NoV authentic specimens. And the performance parameters of the method were analyzed. The results show that the established GⅠ and GⅡ NoV ERA visual rapid detection method has good specificity, with no cross-amplification with other foodborne viruses, and can detect as low as 10 copies/μL of NoV. It meets the requirements for visual rapid screening of GⅠ and GⅡ NoV. The establishment of this method provides good technical support for the rapid screening and risk monitoring of NoV, and it is of great significance for controlling NoV outbreaks and safeguarding public health.