当前，货车超载超限现象严重，为提升高速公路货车管控效率及货运安全水平，提出基于货运风险特征画像的货车运行风险等级识别模型。首先，基于高速公路收费数据，以货车为研究对象，从驾驶行为和营运状态两方面制定面向货运风险识别的用户画像标签体系；接着对样本数据进行清洗和标签指标提取与分析；然后，利用K-means++算法获得货车货运风险特征画像分类结果，再使用熵权法对各类货车进行货运风险评分，确定各类别货车的风险等级；最后，结合各类别车辆的相关指标，对车辆完成画像。基于广东省全网高速公路2022年3月至5月的货车收费数据，利用所提出的模型，将货车车辆划分为5类，其中，“高风险高强度货车”车辆占比5.42%，“较高风险夜间驾驶超载货车”车辆占比19.12%，“中风险超速货车”车辆占比12.85%，“低风险低频货车”车辆占比37.00%，“低风险高频货车”车辆占比25.61%。使用同期广东省某事故数据库数据对模型进行验证，数据表明，高风险类别车辆的相对风险系数远高于低风险类别车辆。研究表明，所提出的模型可以有效地提取高风险货运特征货车，基于风险等级识别结果，交管部门可进行高风险车辆识别、超载超限重点监查、特定消息推送引导车辆安全驾驶等工作，以提升行业安全管理水平。

At present, the freight car overload phenomenon is coming from bad to worse, in order to improve the efficiency of freight car control on the highway and the level of safety in the freight transport, a freight transport risk level identification model based on user portrait of freight risk was proposed. Firstly, based on highway toll data, taking freight car as the research object, a user portrait system for freight transport risk identification was developed from the aspects of driving behavior and operation status. Then，the sample data was cleaned and the label index was extracted and analyzed. Then, K-means++ algorithm was applied to obtain the classification results of freight transport risk feature portraits. Next, the entropy weight method was used to score the freight risk of all kinds of freight car to determine the risk level of all kinds of freight car. Finally, by combining with the relevant indicators of various types of vehicles, the vehicle portrait was completed. Based on the trucking toll data of the entire highway network in Guangdong Province from March to May 2022, the proposed model was used to divide the trucking vehicles into five categories. Among them, “the freight car of high risk and high workload” accounted for 5.42%, the freight car of higher risk and night-driving and overloaded ”accounted for 19.12%, “the freight car of medium-risk and overspeed” accounted for 12.85%, “ the freight car of low risk and low-frequency” accounted for 37.00%, and “ the freight car of low risk and high-frequency ” accounted for 25.61%. The validity of the model was verified by the data of an accident database in Guangdong Province in the same period. The data showed that the relative risk coefficient of high risk vehicles is much higher than that of low risk vehicles. The research shows that the proposed model can effectively identify trucks with high freight risk characteristics. Based on the results of risk grade identification, traffic management departments can carry out high-risk vehicle identification, key inspection of overload and over-limit, and specific message push to guide vehicle driving safety, so as to improve the safety management level of the industry.