钢轨非接触式无损检测技术数值模拟研究

戴公连, 陈坤, 葛浩, 等

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220018

华南理工大学学报(自然科学版) >

2023 , Vol. 51 >Issue 4: 44 - 52

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220018

土木建筑工程

钢轨非接触式无损检测技术数值模拟研究

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^1.中南大学土木工程学院，湖南长沙 410083
^2.中南大学高速铁路建造技术国家工程实验室，湖南长沙 410083

戴公连（1964-），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事大跨桥梁极限承载力研究。E-mail:daigong@vip.sina.com

收稿日期: 2022-01-09

网络出版日期: 2022-11-18

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51708560);中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划(2017G006-N)

收起

Research on Numerical Simulation of Rail Non-contact Nondestructive Testing Technology

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^1.School of Civil Engineering，Central South University，Changsha 410083，Hunan，China
^2.National Engineering Laboratory for High Speed Railway Construction，Central South University，Changsha 410083，Hunan，China

戴公连（1964-），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事大跨桥梁极限承载力研究。E-mail:daigong@vip.sina.com

Received date: 2022-01-09

Online published: 2022-11-18

Supported by

the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51708560)

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摘要

文中针对现有钢轨检测技术不足的问题，提出了基于空气耦合导波的钢轨非接触式无损检测方法，建立了可模拟空气耦合导波激励与接收全过程的声固耦合仿真模型，并基于声学理论对仿真模型进行了验证。首先，通过该数值模型模拟分析了轨底不同损伤程度对接收导波信号的影响；然后，考虑空气耦合导波受高强度随机白噪声的影响，提出了基于激励信号中心频率小波系数的损伤评估方法。结果表明：根据Snell定律及声学理论，钢轨空气耦合导波检测的最优激励角与接收角为6.6°；钢轨空气耦合接收导波具有波形稳定、能量集中及抗干扰能力强的特点；无论损伤程度大小及所处空间位置如何，接收到声压时域信号波包中心到达时间均基本一致；不同损伤程度对应损伤指数范围有明显差异；基于激励信号中心频率的小波系数法简单可行，准确度高，适用于已知窄带导波信号的损伤信息提取，在接收信号受噪声污染严重的情况下仍能够有效识别出钢轨损伤；基于空气耦合导波进行钢轨损伤识别具有可行性。

关键词： 钢轨; 空气耦合; 导波; 非接触式无损检测; 数值模拟; 损伤评估

本文引用格式

戴公连, 陈坤, 葛浩, 等 . 钢轨非接触式无损检测技术数值模拟研究[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2023 , 51(4) : 44 -52 . DOI: 10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220018

Abstract

Focusing on the shortage of existing rail inspection technology, the paper proposed a non-contact nondestructive inspection method based on air coupled guided wave. An acoustic-solid coupling simulation model was established to simulate the whole process of air coupled guided wave excitation and reception, and verified based on acoustic theory. Firstly, the influence of different damage severity of rail bottom on the received guided wave signal was simulated and analyzed through the numerical model. Then, a damage assessment method based on wavelet coefficients of the center frequency of the excitation signal was proposed, considering the influence of high intensity random white noise on air coupled guided waves. The results show that, based on the Snell's law and acoustic theory, the optimal excitation angle and reception angle of rail air-coupled guided wave detection is 6.6°; the air coupled guided wave still has the advantage of waveform stabilization, energy concentration and high interference resistance; regardless of the size and the spatial location of the damage, the arrival time of the wave packet center of the received sound pressure time domain signal is almost the same. The range of damage index will be different with the change of damage severity. The wavelet coefficient method based on the center frequency of the excitation signal is simple, feasible, and accurate, and it is suitable for the damage detection of known narrowband guided wave signals, and it can effectively identify rail damage when the received signal is seriously polluted by noise. It is feasible to detect steel rail damage based on air-coupled guided wave.

Key words： rail; air-coupled; guided wave; non-contact nondestructive; numerical simulation; damage assessment

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