五自由度的机械臂无法达到任意位姿，采用传统的位姿描述方式进行逆运动学求解时，极易产生无解的情况。文中以一种适用于清洁、喷涂、焊接等作业的、由4个旋转关节和1个移动关节构成的五自由度机械臂为例，建立运动学模型并进行逆运动学分析，在此基础上，提出一种关节角参数化结合接近矢量可行方向的逆运动学求解方法。该方法基于自由度约束的末端位姿描述，先通过关节角参数化将末端执行器的运动空间由三维降为二维，再采用几何法分析末端执行器在不同目标位置（远端、中间端、近端）时的接近矢量的可行方向，从而避免参数盲目取值，确保运动学逆解的存在，然后根据运动连续性和各关节的运动范围从中筛选出最优解。路径规划仿真结果表明，实际路径与规划路径非常吻合，关节运动平稳，证明了所提方法的可行性和准确性。文中研究的五自由度机械臂具有一定的代表性，逆运动学求解方法计算复杂度低，求解过程较为简便，求解思路可为欠自由度机械臂的逆运动学求解提供借鉴。

The manipulator with five degrees of freedom (5-DOF) cannot reach any pose, so it is easy to get no solution when the traditional pose description method is used to solve the inverse kinematics. In this paper, a 5-DOF manipulator consisting of four rotary joints and one prismatic joint, which is suitable for cleaning, spraying, welding and other operations, is taken as an example to establish a kinematic model and its inverse kinematic analysis is carried out. Then, an inverse kinematics solution method based on joint angle parameterization combined with the feasible direction of approach vector is proposed based on the end pose description of degree of freedom constraints. In this method, firstly, the motion space of the end executor is reduced from three dimensions to two dimensions through joint angle parameterization. Then, the feasible direction of the approach vector of the end executor at different target positions (distal, middle and proximal) is analyzed by geometric method, so as to avoid blind parameter setting and ensure the existence of inverse kinematics solutions. Thereafter, the optimal solution is selected according to the motion continuity and motion range of each joint. The simulation analysis results of path planning show that the actual path is very consistent with the planned path and the joint motion is stable, which proves the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed solution method. The 5-DOF manipulator studied in this paper is representative to some extent and the proposed solution method possesses the advantage of low computational complexity and simple solving process. Therefore, the solution idea can provide reference for the inverse kinematics solution of the manipulator with less degrees of freedom.