甘油二酯微胶囊是一种新型功能性食品配料，为准确测定其所包埋油脂的含油量、过氧化值、甘油二酯含量等理化指标，需建立其油脂组分的最适提取方法。本研究使用酸水解、碱水解、超声处理和菠萝蛋白酶水解4种方法对亚麻籽二酯油微胶囊进行破壁预处理，对比了不同预处理方法对微胶囊中油脂提取效果的影响，即考察了油脂提取率和油脂的过氧化值，通过高效液相色谱法分析了所提取油脂的甘油酯组成。结果显示：菠萝蛋白酶水解法预处理后提取得到的油脂过氧化值最低，其中的甘油二酯损失最少；酸水解法和超声处理法得到的油脂提取率较高，但酸水解法处理后油脂中的甘油二酯含量损失最多，超声处理后得到油脂的过氧化值最高；碱水解法处理后的油脂提取率最低。在酶水解法单因素实验的基础上进行正交试验，探究酶添加量、酶解温度和酶解时间对油脂提取率的影响，并优选了酶解处理后的萃取溶剂。结果表明：当菠萝蛋白酶的加酶量为12 000 U/g、酶解温度为55 ℃、酶解时间为5 min时，甘油二酯微胶囊的油脂提取率可达（98.60±0.78）%，油脂过氧化值为（0.037±0.001） g/100 g。酶解后最佳萃取体系为乙醇-乙醚-石油醚（体积比为2∶5∶5）。该方法的油脂提取率高，对油脂品质影响较小，为甘油二酯微胶囊的理化性质检测提供了理论基础。

Diacylglycerol microcapsule is a new type of functional food ingredient. In order to accurately determine the oil content, peroxide value, diacylglycerol content and other physical and chemical indexes of diacylglycerol microcapsule, the optimal extraction method for the oil components should be established. In this study, four methods of acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis, ultrasonic treatment and bromelain hydrolysis were used for wall-breaking pretreatment of flaxseed diacylglycerol microcapsule. The effects of the different pretreatment methods on the extraction of fats and oils from the microcapsules were compared. In other words, the extraction rate of the fats and oils and the peroxide value of the them were investigated, and the glyceride composition of the extracted fats and oils was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results show that: the diacylglycerol obtained by the bromelain hydrolysis method has the least loss and the lowest peroxide value; the diacylglycerol obtained by acid hydrolysis and ultrasonic treatment has higher extraction rate, but acid hydrolysis results in the greatest loss of diacylglycerol content and ultrasonic treatment results in the highest peroxide values; and the alkali hydrolysis treatment leads to the lowest oil extraction rate. On the basis of the single factor experiment of enzyme hydrolysis, orthogonal optimization test was performed to explore the effect of enzyme addition, temperature and time on oil extraction rate, and the extraction solvent after enzymatic digestion was also optimized. The results show that when the dosage of bromelain is 12 000 U/g, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 55 ℃, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 5 min, the oil extraction rate of the diacylglycerol microcapsules can reach (98.60±0.78)%, and the peroxide value of the extracted oil is (0.037±0.001) g/100 g. The optimal extraction system after enzymatic hydrolysis is ethanol-diethyl ether-petroleum ether (2:5:5, in volume ratio). This method has high oil extraction rate and little impact on oil quality, providing theoretical basis for the detection of physicochemical properties of diacylglycerol microcapsules.