为满足车辆实际碰撞要求，提高汽车吸能部件的耐撞性，本文基于仿生原理提出了混合梯度负泊松比结构，建立了有限元模型，同时制作试验样件进行轴向压缩试验，验证了有限元模型的准确性。并利用LS-DYNA在不同冲击角度和冲击速度工况下对9种不同排布方式的混合梯度结构进行仿真模拟。综合耐撞性指标对比结果表明：多工况冲击条件下的最优排布方式为横向负梯度和纵向正梯度的组合，相比于均匀梯度结构，其综合吸能量提高了19.2%，吸能稳定性提高了30.6%，改进效果明显。通过对具有不同排布方式的混合梯度结构的变形模式进行对比分析发现：单一的横向梯度可以提高结构的吸能稳定性，而单一的纵向梯度则可以提高结构的综合吸能性能，最优的混合梯度结构由于合理的材料分布，兼顾了综合吸能性和吸能稳定性，从内在机制上解释了最优排布方式综合性能优异的原因，有利于混合梯度负泊松比结构的工程化。

In order to meet the requirements of actual vehicles collision and improve the crashworthiness of vehicle energy absorbing components, this paper proposed a hybrid gradient negative Poisson’s ratio structure based on the bionic principle, and established a finite element model. At the same time, the test sample was made for axial compression test to verify the accuracy of the finite element model. Using LS-DYNA, the mixed gradient structures with nine different arrangement modes were simulated under different impact angles and impact speeds. The comparison results of comprehensive crashworthiness indexes show that the optimal arrangement mode under multiple working conditions is the combination of transverse negative gradient and longitudinal positive gradient. Compared with the uniform gradient structure, its comprehensive energy absorption is increased by 19.2%, energy absorption stability is improved by 30.6%, and the improvement is obvious. Through the comparative analysis of the deformation modes of hybrid gradient structures with different arrangement modes, it finds that a single transverse gradient can improve the energy absorption stability of the structure, while a single longitudinal gradient can improve the comprehensive energy absorption performance of the structure. Because of the reasonable material distribution, the optimal hybrid gradient structure takes into account the comprehensive energy absorption and energy absorption stability and explains the reason of the excellent comprehensive performance of the optimal arrangement from the internal mechanism, which is conducive to the engineering of the mixed gradient negative Poisson’s ratio structure.