随着老年驾驶人数量持续增长及其驾车出行需求增加，我国机动车驾驶证申领及使用规定取消了申请小型汽车驾照的年龄限制，老年驾驶人的出行安全问题成为热点研究问题。由于年龄增长带来与驾驶行为相关的生理心理变化，老年人通过自我调节的方式在保持机动性的同时，还需要考虑平衡身体机能下降的影响。自我调节是老年人延长驾驶时间和降低驾驶风险的有效补偿策略。文中以计划行为理论TPB为框架，在原有变量的基础上，引入身体状况、风险感知、驾驶技能和可替代交通质量4个扩展变量，建立扩展TPB模型，并分析老年驾驶人自我调节行为及影响因素。回收849份老年驾驶人自我调节行为问卷后，使用Cronbach'sα系数和验证性因子验证问卷信效度，采用路径分析探究老年驾驶人自我调节行为影响因素。结果表明，基础TPB变量之间的关系与基础模型假设基本一致；身体状况、可替代交通质量、驾驶能力、风险感知均间接影响老年人的自我调节行为；研究结果有助于了解老年驾驶人自我调节行为及影响机理，为进一步开展老年人驾驶行为研究及安全培训教育等提供理论依据。
With the increasing number of elderly drivers and their growing driving demand, China has abolished the age limit for applying for small car drivers license,and the travel safety of elderly drivers has become a hot research issue. Due to the biological and psychological decline related to driving behavior with aging, the elderly need to consider the impact of decreased physical function while maintaining mobility through self-regulation. Self-regulation is an effective compensation strategy for the elderly to prolong driving life and reduce driving risk. Based on the theory of planned behavior(TPB), this study introduced four extended variables, including physical condition, risk perception, driving skills and alternative traffic quality, to establish an extended TPB model and analyzed elderly drivers self-regulation behavior and its influencing factors. Cronbach's α coefficient and confirmatory factor were used to verify the reliability and validity of the self-regulation behavior questionnaires collected from 849 elderly drivers, and path analysis was used to explore the factors influencing elderly drivers self-regulation behavior. The results show that the relationship among basic TPB variables is consistent with the assumptions of the basic model. Physical condition, alternative traffic quality, driving ability and risk perception all indirectly affect the self-regulation behavior of the elderly. The results are helpful to understand elderly drivers self-regulation behavior and influencing factors, and provide the theoretical basis for further research on elderly drivers driving behavior training and safety education.
