锂离子电池因其优异的性能而广泛应用于储能系统以及新能源汽车的动力源。基于锂离子电池热物性特征以及运行条件选择合理的热管理模式，是确保锂离子电池安全性的重要手段。文中分别构建了基于风冷散热的圆柱形单体锂离子电池以及相应的电池模组模型，从最高温度、最大温差以及温度分布均匀性等方面探讨了热导率各向异性对电池冷却性能的影响。结果表明，锂离子电池内部的热量传递过程以径向导热热阻为主导，直接决定单体电池内部温差以及电池模组中不同单体电池之间的温度分布均匀性。从电池结构设计的角度而言，为了提高温度均匀性，在确保能量密度的前提下应尽量减小电池层状方向的尺寸。

Lithium-ion battery is widely used in energy storage system and electric vehicle as power source due to its superior performance. It is an important means to ensure the safety of lithium-ion battery by choosing a reasonable thermal management mode according to the thermo-physical properties and operating conditions of lithium-ion battery. In this paper, the models of air-cooling single and module of cylindrical lithium-ion battery are constructed, and the influence of thermal conductivity anisotropy on the cooling performance of the battery is discussed from the aspects of maximum temperature, maximum temperature difference and temperature distribution uniformity. The results show that the internal heat transfer process of lithium-ion battery is dominated by the radial thermal resis-tance, which directly determines the internal temperature difference of single battery and the temperature distribution uniformity between different single batteries in the battery module. Moreover, it is pointed out that, during the design of battery structure, in order to improve the temperature uniformity, the size of battery in the cross-plane direction should be reduced as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the energy density.