为解决时空不均衡客流带来的供需不匹配问题，提出一种基于客流变化规律的多车型公交变间隔混合运行的公交时刻表优化方法。从公交公司和乘客两个角度确定模型的目标函数及约束条件，建立公交多车型多目标优化模型。引入图论，将可行时刻表视作分支 (路径)，利用树状图表示公交车辆可行时刻表集，以车辆时空轨迹图与累积客流情况图描述公交运营情况并据此寻找可行时刻表，确定各分支的车型组合及相应发车间隔，计算各分支等待时间等目标值。再运用多目标 k 最短路思想求解模型的多目标Pareto 最优解 (最优时刻表)。最后，计算实例数据 (哈尔滨市 18 路公交车)，并与一单目标固定发车间隔多车型配置模型进行对比分析。结果表明，该优化能够在保证较低运营成本的情况下，有效降低线路载客率 (该实例中降低30%)，提高了公交的服务水平。

A multi-type bus timetable optimization method based on the rule of passenger flow change was put forward in order to solve the problem of mismatch between supply and demand caused by unbalanced passenger flow in time and space． The objective function and constraint conditions of the model were determined from the perspectives of bus company and passengers，and the multi-objective optimization model of bus model was established．Graph theory was introduced，and feasible timetable was regarded as branch (path)． Feasible timetable set of public transport vehicles was represented by tree diagram． Public transport operation was described with vehicle space-time track diagram and cumulative passenger flow diagram． Based on this，feasible timetable，vehicle type combination and corresponding departure interval of each branch were determined，and waiting time and other target values of each branch were calculated． Then the multi-objective Pareto optimal solution (optimal schedule) of the model was solved by using the multi-objective K shortest path idea． Finally，the case data (No． 18 bus in Harbin) was calculated and compared with the multi-type bus configuration model with a single target fixed departure interval． The results show that the optimization can effectively reduce the line passenger capacity (30% in this case) and improve the service level of public transport under the condition of low operating cost.