列车开行方案是城市轨道交通运输组织的基础。为提升高峰期城轨路网整体运输效率、缓解车站大客流拥堵、平衡乘客出行延误，文中立足于公共交通服务的效率与公平特性，提出面向列车运能利用与乘客延误均衡的城轨大小交路开行方案优化方法。为描述开行方案对客流分布的影响，首先依据乘客出行特征划分客流组分，进而测算不同组分下的乘客出行成本以及企业运营成本，建立以列车输送能力利用率最大和乘客出行延误均衡度最优为目标的大小交路开行方案优化模型。基于某城市轨道线路开展案例分析，结果表明: 在早高峰期间实行列车大小交路方案时，小交路设置应以覆盖线路上下行最高断面客流区间为宜，运能利用情况受小交路里程显著影响; 列车编组应结合最高断面客流和预期满载率上限进行配置。最优大小交路开行方案下，列车运能利用率较现状提升 16. 69%，企业运营成本下降 21. 11%，乘客出行延误均衡度得以改善。

Train schedule serves as a foundation for operations management in urban rail transit (UＲT)． Aiming at releasing local congestion caused by demand surge，balancing passengers' travel delays and improving the overall efficiency of the whole network during the rush hour，an equality-efficiency balanced method for optimizing long-short route strategy in UＲT system was proposed． First，passengers were divided into specific categories according to their trip characteristics． Then the operational cost of UＲT company and the travel cost of passengers could be measured precisely． Next，an optimization model that strikes a good balance between maximizing transport capaci-ty and minimizing passengers' travel delays was formulated． To verify the effectiveness of proposed model，an em-pirical analysis was then presented． The results show that，when adopting a long-short route strategy for morning peak，the short route should cover the sections with maximum load rates in both up and down directions． The utili-zation rate of transport capacity is significantly affected by the length of short route． The train marshalling scheme should consider the maximum of section load and its threshold need． With the optimized long-short route strategy，
the utilization rate of transport capacity rises by 16. 69%，and the operational cost of UＲT company decreases by 21. 11%． In addition，passengers' travel delays also reach a well-balanced status．