针对经典 2D-ESPRIT 算法在估计基于几何绕射理论的二维 GTD 模型参数时受噪声影响较大这一问题，提出了一种改进的 2D-ESPRIT 算法，有效提高了算法的抗噪性能与参数估计性能。改进算法在经典 2D-ESPRIT 算法的基础上，首先通过构建交换矩阵，得到含有原始数据E_e 共轭信息的另一矩阵Y; 其次在通过自相关与互相关处理、叠加取平均，得到新的协方差矩阵R; 最后对协方差矩阵解算，估计得到二维 GTD 模型各参数值。仿真实验表明，改进 2D-ESPRIT 算法抗噪性能要优于经典 2D-ESPRIT 算法，在信噪比较低的情况下，改进 2D-ESPRIT 算法估计得到的模型参数精度更高，性能更稳定。文中还针对其他因素 (如矩阵束参数及配对标量 β 值) 对模型参数估计精度的影响进行了探究，为后续仿真实验提供了参考。

The classical 2D-ESPRIT algorithm is sensitive to signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) when estimating the pa-rameters of two dimensional (2D) geometric theory of diffraction (GTD) model． To solve the problem，an im-proved 2D-ESPRIT algorithm，which improves the anti-noise performance and parameter estimation performance ef-fectively，was proposed． Firstly，the improved algorithm obtains a new matrix Y containing the conjugate informa-tion of the original matrix Ee by constructing an exchange matrix． Secondly，a new covariance matrix R can be ob-tained by auto-correlation，cross correlation，superposition and average processing． Finally，the parameters of 2D-GTD model can be estimated by calculating the new covariance matrix R． Simulation results show that the im-proved 2D-ESPＲIT algorithm has a better anti-noise performance，and it owns higher estimation precision and more stable performance than the classical 2D-ESPRIT algorithm accurately in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio． The impact of other factors，such as matrix pencil parameters and paring variable β，on parameter estimation precision
was also studied，which can be provide references for future simulations．