针对制造企业的复杂装配线工作站优化设计和生产柔性化要求，提出基于有向 网络理论的解决办法． 首先结合装配线平衡问题简单算例，说明装配流水线作业流程图满 足有向图特征，并用矩阵表示，将复杂网络图信息转换为可计算的数据信息，实现了流水 装配线平衡的计算机计算与程序设计． 其次以 29 个节点装配流程为例，在满足作业元素 的时间、流水节拍以及作业元素优先关系的约束条件下，以装配线时间损失率最小为优化 目标，建立装配线平衡问题的数学模型． 最后利用有向图网络理论计算装配线平衡问题和 U 型装配线设计，平衡率达到93． 81%，验证了有向网络图理论求解生产线平衡问题的合 理性和有效性，并实现了计算机程序计算． 本研究为制造企业大型流水线设备自动化设计 提供了一种新方法． 

 For the optimization design and flexible production requirements of work stations for complex assembly lines in manufacturing enterprises，a solution based on the directed net theory is proposed． Firstly，combining with a simple example of assembly line balancing problem， it shows that the flow chart of assembly line satisfies the features of directed graph and is represented by directed graph matrix，which converts complex network graph information into computable data and realizes the assembly line of computer calculation and program design． Secondly，assembly line with 29 nodes is taken as an example; the mathematical model of assembly line balancing problem is established with the minimum time loss of assembly line as the optimization objective，under the constraint of the time，cycletime and precedence of job elements． At last， the balancing problem of assembly line and the design of U assembly line are calculated by the use of the network theory of directed graph and line balance rate reaches 93. 81%，which verifies the rationality and validity of the directed net theory to solve the assembly line balancing problem and realizes the calculation of computer program，which provides a new method for automation design of largescale assembly line equipment in manufacturing enterprises．