染色体核型分析对于遗传学研究具有重要意义,但是传统分析方法的样品制备过程复杂,人眼观察分析得到的结果主观性强且效率不高.为了更精确地提取对核型分析有重要意义的染色体高度分布曲线,根据沿染色体的高度变化与显带后染色体的显隐带之间存在的对应关系,提出了基于等高线的染色体表面高度分布曲线提取方法.研究中利用原子力显微镜对空气中制备的染色体样品进行成像,并对比分析了传统方法与基于等高线方法所得到的高度曲线之间的差异.实验结果表明：基于等高线的方法能够更有效地提取沿染色体中心线的高度分布曲线,并且对于弯曲变形较为严重的染色体有很好的效果.

The karyotyping plays an important role in genetic researches.However,the traditional method of karyo- type analysis is performed with a complicated banding process,and the result is obtained by the visual analysis of operators.The complicated process of sample preparation and the subjective result make the karyotype analysis la- borious and time-consuming.In order to precisely extract the altitude curve that is of great significance for the karyo- type analysis,a new method of extracting the altitude curves along the chromosomes was proposed on the basis of the relationship between the altitude features of human chromosomes and the band structure under optical microsco- py.Then,the chromosomes prepared in air condition were imaged by using an atomic force microscopy,and the al- titude curves extracted through the conventional method were compared with those from the proposed method.Ex- perimental results show that,the proposed method can extract the altitude curves more effectively,and it also achieves a good effect in handling the chromosomes of serious contraction deformation.