为评价多点激光车辙深度的计算误差，研发了室内车辙形态模拟设备，利用三维激光获取模拟车辙横断面点云数据，通过Matlab 编程，借助5 阶巴特沃兹低通滤波器对数据进行平滑处理，分别模拟了均布9 点、13 点、21 点和非均布13 点激光获取的车辙横断面曲线，采用包络线法计算三维激光和多点激光车辙最大深度，以绝对误差和相对误差为评价指标，分析轻、重两个等级的U、W 型车辙深度计算误差受激光点数量与布设方式影响的规律． 模拟结果表明: 随着激光点数量增加，两种形态车辙横断面的深度计算误差逐渐减小，均布9 点、13 点、21 点和非均布13 点激光的最大相对误差分别为22． 9%、12． 8%、8． 3%和16． 4%; 随车辙严重等级的增大，绝对误差逐渐增大而相对误差逐渐减小; 非均布13 点激光对U 型、W 型车辙的深度计算相对误差比均布13 点激光时的最多分别增大4． 8%和2． 2%; 多点激光车辙深度计算的绝对误差会造成车辙严重等级低估，可能导致路况评价与养护决策的误判．

In order to evaluate the accuracy of the multi-point laser-based rut depth measurement,first,an indoor rut pattern simulator was developed,and the point cloud data in the transverse section were measured by means of 3D laser technology.Next,by virtue of Matlab programming and fifth-order Butterworth low-pass filter,the rut transverse-section curves acquired by the uniform 9-point,13-point,21-point and the non-uniform 13-point lasers were simulated,respectively.Then,the wire line method was employed to calculate the maximum rut depth of 3D laser and multi-point laser.Finally,the influences of the laser point number and the layout scheme on the calculation error of U-shape and W-shape ruts with low and high severity were analyzed by taking absolute error and relative error as the evaluation indexes.The results show that ( 1) the depth calculation error of the two above-mentioned rut transverse sections gradually decrease with the increase of the laser point number; ( 2) the maximum relative errors of the uniform 9-point,13-point,21-point and the non-uniform 13-point lasers are 22. 9%,12. 8%,8. 3% and 16. 4%,respectively; ( 3) with the augment of rut severity,the absolute error increases gradually while the relative error declines; ( 4) the relative errors of the U-shape and W-shape rut depth calculation by using the non-uniform 13-point lasers are respectively 4. 8% and 2. 2% larger than those of the uniform 13-point laser; and ( 5) the absolute error of rut depth calculation via multi-point laser may cause the underestimation of rut severity level,which may result in the loss of perfect time for maintenance.