压力释放型高速气缸缓冲装置存在适应气缸活塞速度变化范围有限、最佳缓冲状态调节困难的缺点，其主要原因是气体的可压缩性大，压力释放阀达到开启条件时无法保证直至气缸抵达终点一直处于开启状态，存在反复启闭的现象，同时压力释放阀的排气速度无法与气缸的运行速度相适应． 有鉴于此，文中提出了一种由压力释放缓冲组件和可调余隙组件组成的新型缓冲结构，通过仿真验证了当气缸可移动部件质量为6 kg 时，新型缓冲装置可以通过分段调节压力释放阀的弹簧压缩量和气缸背压腔的余隙容积实现气缸最高速度在2． 3 ～ 3． 7m/s 区间内的良好缓冲． 当固定气缸活塞最高速度为3． 0 m/s 时，改变气缸可移动部件的质量进行进一步仿真，发现该新型缓冲装置在负载质量改变时依然有良好的缓冲调节性能．

For the cushion device of the high-speed pneumatic cylinder with a pressure release valve,the speed variation range of pneumatic cylinder piston is narrow,and to achieve optimum cushion conditions is difficult.The main reason is high compressibility of gas.Specifically,when the opening conditions of the pressure relief valve are met,it cannot always keep open before the cylinder arrives at a stroke,and thus the phenomenon of repeated opening and closing is universal.At the same time,the exhaust speed of the valve cannot adapt with the running speed of the piston.In order to solve these problems,a new cushion structure mainly composed of pressure release cushion components and adjustable clearance components is proposed.Then,through the simulation analysis,it is demonstrated that when the mass of moving parts in the pneumatic cylinder is 6 kg,a better cushion for the top speed of the pneumatic cylinder within the range of 2.3 ～ 3.7m/s can be achieved by means of the segmented regulation of both the spring compression amount of the pressure release valve and the clearance volume of the back pressure cavity.Finally,at a maximum velocity of pneumatic cylinder piston of 3.0 m/s,a further simulation is performed by changing the mass of moving parts.It is found that the new cushion structure still has better cushioning and regulating performance when the load mass is changed.