在产品零件装配互换性设计中，几何公差的分析与综合技术发展还不完善． 文中针对几何公差分析与综合的问题，提出了几何公差的状态向量表示模型;基于几何公差的状态向量表示对几何偏差作用和偏差累积进行了分析，给出了在零件不同配合状态下的装配功能几何变动的状态向量表达，并在此基础上给出了几何公差分析与综合的状态方程;最后以多舱段对接装配为实例给出了基于状态方程的几何公差分析与综合的算法步骤． 实例结果验证了几何公差状态向量表示模型及其状态方程对几何公差分析与综合的有效性和适用性．

As the existing interchangeability design process of part assembly is restricted to the imperfect analysis and synthesis techniques of geometric tolerance,firstly,a state vector model of geometric tolerance is proposed.Secondly,the geometric deviation affection and deviation accumulation are analyzed on the basis of the proposed model,respectively.Then,the state vector expression of assembly deviation affection and accumulation is deduced for the parts in different fitting statuses,and a state equation for the geometric tolerance analysis and synthesis is presented.Finally,an end faces docking example of spacecraft cabins is illustrated to explore the process of geometric tolerance analysis and synthesis with the help of the proposed state equation.Example results show that the proposed state vector model and the corresponding state equation are both effective and applicable for geometric tolerance analysis and synthesis.