鉴于现有的超车模型往往会忽视超车过程中车辆运行特性对超车行为的影响，文中在现有超车模型的基础上，对超车车辆依据车辆运行特性进行分类，设计了双车道车辆超车场景，并考虑不同道路等级的设计时速，建立了计算超车车辆从超车行为产生到超车过程结束所需的超车时间和距离的数学模型． 最后，选择不同类型车辆、超车速度及行车速度，分别计算了微型车、小客车和中大型车在双车道公路超车的时间和距离，并与现有的超车模型计算结果进行对比分析． 结果表明:双车道公路超车时间和距离与车辆类型、超车速度、超车车辆与被超车辆的行车速度和对向车辆速度密切相关;文中模型由于考虑车辆的运行特性，不同车辆超车所需的超车时间和距离是不相同的，计算结果更符合实际超车现象．

As the existing overtaking models often ignore the impact of vehicle running characteristics on the overta-king behavior，this paper puts forward a new mathematical model to calculate the time required for overtaking and the distance for the vehicle from its overtaking beginning to the end． In the investigation，the existing models are analyzed，the overtaking vehicles are classified according to their types，a two-lane overtaking scene is designed，and the speed limits of different road grades are taken into full consideration． Moreover，the required overtaking time and the overtaking distance of micro cars，mid-size cars and full-size cars on two-lane highway are calculated for various vehicle types with different overtaking speeds and driving speeds，and the results are compared with those obtained by the existing overtaking model． It is found that the required overtaking time and the overtaking dis-tance are both related to the vehicle type，the overtaking speed，the driving speed of the overtaking vehicle and the driving speed of the opposite vehicles; and that the proposed model helps to obtain overtaking time and distance va-rying with vehicle types because it well considers vehicle running characteristics，so that it accords better with the actual overtaking process．