齿轮制造是一个连续化生产过程，精密锻造生产齿轮既要保证生产连续、高效，又要保证模具的可靠． 文中针对空心圆柱齿轮，提出了带心轴、无心轴 － 空心坯和无心轴－实心坯 3 种精密锻造模具方案，预测了 3 种方案精锻齿轮的成形载荷，通过有限元仿真分析了 3 种方案的齿轮成形过程、金属流动规律、模具受力状况和成形载荷，并设计了相应的生产工艺流程，比较了 3 种精密锻造方案和传统切削齿形加工的生产效率和材料利用率． 通过齿轮热精锻实验验证了有限元仿真和载荷计算的准确性，确定无心轴－实心坯为行星齿轮热精锻生产的最佳工艺方案．

As gear manu facturing is a continuous production process，not only the continuity and efficiency of manu-facturing but also the reliability of forging tools should be guaranteed in the process of precision forging for manufac-turing gears． In this paper，firstly，three tool design schemes respectively with mandrel，without mandrel-hollow billet and without mandrel-solid billet were proposed for the precision forging of hollow cylindrical gears，and the corresponding forming loads were predicted． Secondly，tooth formation，metal flow，tool stress and forming load were analyzed via finite element simulation． Then，the procedures corresponding to the three schemes were de-signed，and a comparison was made between these three precision forging processes and the conventional cutting process in terms of production efficiency and material utilization． Finally，forging trials for hollow cylindrical gears were conducted to verify the validity of finite element simulation and forming load calculation，and the manufactur-ing process without mandrel-solid billet was proved to be the best for the hot precision forging of gears．