采用动态测试和瞬态分析方法研究液压挖掘机工作装置在常态挖掘过程中的动应力特性，首先针对某反铲液压挖掘机的常态挖掘过程，搭建动应变、油压和角位移的同步采集测试平台; 然后基于达朗贝尔动静法原理，分别建立动臂、斗杆和铲斗的动平衡方程，并代入测试数据计算出构件各铰点的动载荷谱，将其转换到随体坐标系中再进行瞬态分析．动态测试和瞬态分析对比结果表明，仿真应力与测试应力的变化规律一致，瞬态分析能够得到挖掘机工作装置整体的动应力特性，可以作为判断工作装置动应力分布规律和危险截面的依据．

In this paper,the dynamic stress characteristics of a working device of hydraulic excavator in a normaldigging process are investigated via dynamic test and transient analysis. Firstly,for a normal digging process ofbackhoe hydraulic excavator,synchronous test platforms were constructed respectively for the tests of dynamicstrain,oil pressure and angular displacement.Then,based on the d'Alembert principle,dynamic balance equa-tions of the boom,the arm and the bucket were respectively established and were used to calculate the dynamic loadspectrum of each hinge point with the test data.Moreover,the calculated dynamic load was transformed into the lo-cal coordinate system from the base one,which helps to perform a transient analysis later.Finally,the test resultsof dynamic stress were compared with those obtained by transient analysis.It is found that the stress obtained by thetwo methods are of the same variation law,and that the transient analysis helps to reveal the overall dynamic stresscharacteristics of the working device and provides a basis for the determination of dynamic stress distribution ruleand dangerous section of the working device.