随着电动汽车的发展，其充放电行为对电力系统运行的冲击逐步引起关注．为把电动汽车充放电行为的负面影响降到最低，文中提出了一种便于管理的充电模式，以电动公交车为研究对象分析其营运特点和充放电行为，同时在基于电池租赁的商业模式下，研究电动公交车的Vehicle-to-Grid ( V2G) 放电能力，通过模拟集中充电站的运营情况，建立了集中充电、放电组合策略优化模型．最后，利用粒子群优化方法在3 个集中充电站对该模型进行了求解，通过仿真说明了所建立的优化模型对电力系统运行带来的优越性和经济性．

With the development of electric vehicles,the impacts of charging and discharging behaviors on the securityand economy of power system are attracting more and more attention.In order to minimize the negative impactsof charging and discharging behaviors,a specific charging mode for better control and management is proposed.In the investigation,first,the operation and charging behaviors of electric buses are analyzed,and the Vehicle-to-Grid technology of electric buses in the battery lease mode is discussed.Then,by simulating the operationof charging stations,an optimization model mixed with charging and discharging strategies is constructed.Finally,by employing the particle swarm optimization,a case study on 3 centralized charging stations is carried out. Simulatedresults verify the advantage and economy of the developed strategy in power system operation.