纳米纤维素基气凝胶的染料吸附性能研究

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.240587

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水污染问题日益严峻，迫切需要开发高效且可持续去除污染物的方法。该研究提出用常压干燥法制备一种兼具阴离子和阳离子污染物高吸附量的纳米纤维素基气凝胶。首先聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）通过静电相互作用附着在羧甲基化纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）骨架上，然后使用γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）和戊二醛（GA）进行化学交联得到水凝胶，最后通过溶剂交换和常压干燥方法制得低密度（18.80 mg/cm³）和高孔隙率（92.06%）的CNF/PEI复合气凝胶（CPA），该气凝胶在水中展现出优异的结构稳定性。得益于气凝胶同时含有阴离子型羧甲基和阳离子型氨基，它在复杂废水环境下能同时对阳离子和阴离子染料具有较强的吸附能力。每克气凝胶对亚甲基蓝（MB）和刚果红（CR）的最大吸附量分别为516 mg和2 090 mg，阴、阳离子染料的去除率达到98%以上。此外，气凝胶展现出良好的结构稳定性和抗疲劳性能。在碱性溶液中浸泡一周仍保持完整，且在湿态下经过10次循环压缩，其弹性恢复率仍保持在60%。相比同类吸附材料，CPA在吸附容量、两性吸附能力及重复使用性能方面具有显著优势。该研究提出的制备方法耗时短、效率高，适合规模化生产，有望在工业化污水处理中得到应用。

关键词: 纳米纤维素, 气凝胶, 表面改性, 染料吸附, 水处理技术

Abstract:

The issue of water pollution is becoming increasingly severe, highlighting the urgent need to develop efficient and sustainable methods for pollutant removal. This study proposed the use of ambient pressure drying to prepare a nanocellulose-based aerogel with high adsorption capacity for both anionic and cationic pollutants. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was first attached to a carboxymethylated cellulose nanofiber (CNF) framework through electrostatic interactions. Then, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde (GA) were used for chemical crosslinking to form a hydrogel. Finally, through solvent exchange and ambient pressure drying, a low-density (18.80 mg/cm³) and high-porosity (92.06%) CNF/PEI composite aerogel (CPA) was obtained. This aerogel demonstrated excellent structural stability in water. Owing to the coexistence of anionic carboxymethyl and cationic amino groups, the aerogel exhibited strong adsorption capacity of aerogel per gram for both cationic and anionic dyes in complex wastewater environments. The maximum adsorption capacities of aerogel per gram for methylene blaue (MB) and Congo red (CR) were 516 mg and 2 090 mg, respectively,with removal rates of over 98% for both anionic and cationic dyes. In addition, the aerogel exhibited good structural stability and fatigue resistance. After soaking in an alkaline solution for a week, it remained intact, and after 10 cycles of compression in the wet state, its elasticity recovery rate remained at 60%. Compared to similar adsorption materials, CPA shows significant advantages in terms of adsorption capacity, amphoteric adsorption ability, and reusability. The preparation method proposed in this study is time-efficient and highly effective, making it suitable for large-scale production, with promising potential for application in industrial wastewater treatment.

Key words: nanocellulose, aerogel, surface modification, dye adsorption, water treatment technology

中图分类号:

TB34

陈港, 敖杰, 贺莹莹, 王淳玉, 张成. 纳米纤维素基气凝胶的染料吸附性能研究[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 53(8): 149-157.

CHEN Gang, AO Jie, HE Yingying, WANG Chunyu, ZHANG Cheng. Study of Dye Adsorption Properties of Cellulose-Based Nanocellulose Aerogels[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 53(8): 149-157.

图/表 5

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