华南理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 137-144.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.019

• 环境科学与技术 • 上一篇    

电动汽车能耗与气体排放分析及环境影响评价

严军华1, 2, 3, 4 王舒笑1, 2, 4 袁浩然1, 2, 3, 4† 陈勇1, 2, 3, 4 单锐1, 2, 3,4   

  1. 中国科学院广州能源研究所
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-17 修回日期:2017-11-23 出版日期:2018-06-25 发布日期:2018-05-07
  • 通信作者: 袁浩然( 1981-) ,男,研究员,主要从事固体废弃物能源化利用研究. E-mail:yuanhr@ms.giec.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:严军华( 1973-) ,男,博士生,主要从事能源战略分析研究
  • 基金资助:
     国家自然科学基金面上项目( 51676194, 51776211) ;广东省产学研合作项目( 2015B090904009) ;中国科学院科研 装备研制项目( YZ201516) ;广州市产学研协同创新重大专项( 2016201604030077) ;中国科学院创新交叉团队项目 

Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Consumption with Emission and Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicle

 YAN Junhua1, 2, 3, 4 WANG Shuxiao1, 2, 4 YUAN Haoran1, 2, 3, 4 CHEN Yong1, 2, 3, 4 SHAN Rui1, 2, 3, 4   

  1.  1. Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,Guandong,China; 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China; 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,China; 4. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China
  • Received:2017-10-17 Revised:2017-11-23 Online:2018-06-25 Published:2018-05-07
  • Contact: 袁浩然( 1981-) ,男,研究员,主要从事固体废弃物能源化利用研究. E-mail:yuanhr@ms.giec.ac.cn
  • About author:严军华( 1973-) ,男,博士生,主要从事能源战略分析研究
  • Supported by:
     Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China( 51676194, 51776211) , Provincial Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project( 2015B090904009) , and the Research and Development Project of Scientific Research Equipment of Chinese Academy of Sciences( YZ201516) 

摘要: 以普瑞斯、比亚迪 E6 分别作为混合动力汽车和纯电动汽车代表,利用生命周期 评价方法,对电动汽车制造、使用、报废回收3 个主要阶段进行了环境成本、能耗和环境影 响潜值评价,并与以桑塔纳为代表的传统燃油汽车的相应结果进行比较分析. 结果表明: 在生命周期内,纯电动汽车的环境成本最低,其次是混合动力汽车,传统燃油汽车的最高, 其中纯电动汽车的环境成本仅为燃油汽车的 36. 04%. 混合动力汽车和纯电动汽车在全 生命周期过程中总能耗分别是传统燃油汽车的 59. 92%和 52. 20%. 车辆行驶阶段,电动 汽车的能耗较低,而在车辆制造和废弃回收阶段它们的能耗则更高. 混合动力汽车和纯电 动汽车全生命周期的加权总环境影响潜值分别为传统燃油汽车的56. 72%和 34. 16%. 混 合动力汽车的环境影响负荷与传统燃油汽车的类似,主要来自于光化学烟雾,而纯电动汽 车环境影响负荷则主要来自于粉尘、全球变暖和光化学烟雾三个方面. 

关键词: 电动汽车, 生命周期评价, 环境成本, 能耗, 环境影响潜值 

Abstract:  In this paper, life cycle assessment method was used to comparatively study environmental cost,energy consumption and environmentimpact potential of hybrid electric vehicle ( Prius) ,pure electric vehicle ( BYD E6) , and conventional fuel vehicle ( Santana) in their three stages of production,use and waste recycling. In their full life cycle,pure electric vehicle has the lowest environmental cost,followed by hybrid vehicle,and the highest is conventional fuel vehicles. The environmental cost of pure electric vehicle is only 36. 04% of that of fuel vehicle. The total energy consumptions of hybrid and pure electric vehicles are 59. 92% and 52. 20% of that of the traditional fuel vehicles, respectively. Compared with fuel vehicle, the energy consumption of electric vehicles is lower than that when it is used,and their energy consumption is higher than that in the process of vehicle manufacturing and waste recycling. In addition, the weighted total environmentalimpact potentials of hybrid and pure electric vehicles in full life cycle are 56. 72% and 34. 16% than those of the conventional fuel vehicles, respectively. Similar to fuel vehicle, the environmentalimpact load of hybrid vehicle is mainly from photochemical smog,while that of pure electric vehicle mainly comes from the three aspects: dust,global warming and photochemical smog. 

Key words: electric vehicle, life cycle assessment, environmental cost, energy consumption, environmentimpact potential

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